Labour as a strategic resource for the development of the offshore wind energy sector: case of Poland

Abstract

Offshore wind energy (OWE) constitutes a significant instrument for implementing the European Union’s energy transition policy. However, the wind farms require substantial resources, including labour. Poland’s offshore wind farm development programme is presently entering a critical stage; consequently, the precise determination of labour demand has become essential for ensuring the effective implementation of national energy transition objectives. The objective of the study is to estimate the overall labour requirements associated with the Polish OWE program. The lack of extensive domestic experience in the sector, the analysis draws upon best practices established in other countries. A model schedule for the implementation of the OWE program in Poland was also determined. The findings include an estimation of labour demand across the entire life cycle of offshore wind farms. This study offers guidance on both quantitative and qualitative workforce needs—specifically in relation to education and skills development—thereby supporting the public sector in preparing qualified personnel for the national economy, with particular emphasis on the energy sector.