Is the Blue Economy possible in Poland?
PDF

Keywords

blue economy
green economy
Polish maritime and coastal economy
sustainable development

How to Cite

Michalak, D., & Szyja, P. (2022). Is the Blue Economy possible in Poland?. Economics and Environment, 82(3), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.34659/eis.2022.82.3.465

Abstract

 Although the concept of the blue economy is relatively new, the European Union is already taking steps to make it a reality. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the scope of activities that should be carried out for the sustainable development of the blue economy in Poland. It was decided to analyze basic data and indicators to verify whether the Polish maritime and coastal economy meets the goals of the blue economy. During the research, it became apparent that inaccuracies in terminology affect the selection of indicators. Therefore, the definitions and classification of sectors related to the blue economy were verified. Based on the literature review and the available data, the Polish maritime and coastal economy has considerable potential to be transformed into a blue economy. However, major barriers have also been identified, the removal of which requires a systematic approach. Furthermore, the benefits and costs associated with the transformation are highlighted.

https://doi.org/10.34659/eis.2022.82.3.465
PDF

References

Aberkane, I. J. (2017). From Waste to Kwaste: On the Blue Economy in Terms of Knowledge Flow. In P. Bourgine, P. Collet, & P. Parrend (Eds.). First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015. Springer Proceedings in Complexity (pp. 283-290). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45901-1_31

Alam, A. (2021). Regional Marine Spatial Planning: A Tool for Greening Blue Economy in the Bay of Bengal. In A. Carpenter, T. M. Johansson, & J. A. Skinner (Eds.). Sustainability in the Maritime Domain. Strategies for Sustainability (pp. 61-80). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69325-1_3

Alongi, D. M. (2018). The Blue Economy: Mitigation and Adaptation. In Blue Carbon (pp. 59-84). Springer Briefs in Climate Studies. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91698-9_6

Bateman, I., & Turner, R. (1993). Valuation of the environment, methods and techniques: The contingent valuation method. In R. K. Turner (Ed.). Sustainable Environmental Economics and Management: Principles and Practice (pp. 120–191). Belhaven Press.

Blue Generation Project. Career guide. Blue Economy Jobs for young people. https://bluegeneration.careers/BlueGeneration_Blue%20Career%20Guide_en.pdf

Brears, R. C. (2021). Sustainable Fisheries. In Developing the Blue Economy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84216-1_4

Burness, H. S., Cummings, R. G., Ganderton, P. T., & Harrison, G. W. (1991). Valuing Environmental Goods: A Critical Appraisal of the State of the Art. In A. Dinar & D. Zilberman (Eds.), The Economics and Management of Water and Drainage in Agriculture (pp. 431–445). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4028-1_22

Cummings, G., & Greenberg, Z. (2021). Sustainable Tourism in the Context of the Blue Economy. In W. Leal Filho, A. M. Azul, L. Brandli, A. Lange Salvia, & T. Wall (Eds). Life Below Water. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71064-8_56-1

Dębski, M. (2015). Zarządzanie w regionie turystycznym. „Przedsiębiorczość i zarządzanie”, 4.

Duarte, É. (2016). Brazil, the Blue Economy and the maritime security of the South Atlantic. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 12/1, 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2015.1067384

EC. (2012). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Blue Growth -opportunities for marine and maritime sustainable growth. Brussels, 13.9.2012. COM(2012) 494 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0494&from=EN

EC. (2019a). Communication from the Commission. The European Green Deal. Brussels, 11.12.2019, COM(2019) 640 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1588580774040&uri=CELEX%3A52019DC0640

EC. (2019b). The Blue Economy Report. 2019. Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and the Joint Research Centre.

EC. (2021). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Empty on a new approach for a sustainable blue economy in the EU. Transforming the EU’s Blue Economy for a Sustainable Future. Brussels, 17.5.2021. COM(2021) 240 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2021:240:FIN

EC. (2022a, May 12). Blue bioeconomy. What the blue bioeconomy is, and how research and innovation supports EU blue growth policy and the European Green Deal. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-area/environment/bioeconomy/blue-bioeconomy_en

EC. (2022b, May 12). European Green Deal: Developing a sustainable blue economy in the European Union. 17 May 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/press-corner/detail/en/ip_21_2341.

Ertör, I., & Hadjimichael, M. (2020). Blue degrowth and the politics of the sea: rethinking the blue economy. Sustainability Science 15, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00772-y

EU. (2021).The Eu Blue Economy Report 2021. Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and the Joint Research Centre.

Eurostat (2022), https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

Failler, P., Hussain, M. G., & Karim A. A. (2021) The future of the blue economy in Bangladesh. BMJ Bangladesh Maritime Journal, 15-29.

Jagtap, A. S., Manohar, C. S., Ayyapankutty, & Meena, S. N. (2021). Antioxidant and Antiglycemic Properties of Macroalgae, an Underutilized Blue Economy Bioresource in India. Russ J Mar Biol 47, 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074021060067

Knowlton, H. (2008). Zeri: A Philosophy and Methodology to Reinvent the World. Friends Journal. October 1, 2008. https://www.friendsjournal.org/2008120/

Kraus, N., Kraus, K., & Osetskyi V. (2021). Green Business in Blue Economy: Quality Management and Development of Innovative Products. In S.K. Ghosh, K. Ghosh, S. Das, P.K. Dan, & A. Kundu (Eds.) Advances in Thermal Engineering, Manufacturing, and Production Management. ICTEMA 2020. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (pp. 383-394). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2347-9_33

Ki-Hoon, L., Noh J., & Khim J.S. (2020). The Blue Economy and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals: Challenges and opportunities. Environment international, 137, 105528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105528

Martínez-Vázquez, R.M., Milán-García, J., & de Pablo Valenciano, J. (2021). Challenges of the Blue Economy: evidence and research trends. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33, 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00502-1

Mickiewicz, M. (2012). Zasady i uwarunkowania zrównoważonego korzystania z zasobów rybackich, Olsztyn: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Rybactwa Śródlądowego.

Midlen, A. (2021). What is the Blue Economy? A spatialised governmentality perspective. Maritime Studies 20, 423-448 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00240-3

MKiŚ (2021). Polityka energetyczna Polski do 2040 r. Warszawa.

Mohanty, S. K., & Dash, P. (2020). Economic Opportunities in Blue Economy in Africa. In S. Chaturvedi, A. Prakash, & P. Dash (Eds.) Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (pp. 89-110). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5550-3_6

OECD (2017). Greening the Blue Economy in Pomorskie, Poland, OECD Green Growth Studies. Paris OECD: Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264281509-en.

Okafor-Yarwood, I., Kadagi, N. I., Miranda, N. A. F., Uku, J., Elegbede, I. O., Ibukun, J. & Adewumi, I. J. (2020). The Blue Economy–Cultural Livelihood–Ecosystem Conservation Triangle: The African Experience. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7:586. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00586

Outa, G. O., Osano, P. M., Muchiri, M., Njiru, J., Kagwanja, P., Akech, N. O., Matiri-Maisori, B., Otieno, S., Omosa, J., Onkoba, J., Nabukwesi, S., & Allela, A. A. (2021). Science, Research and Innovation for Harnessing the Blue Economy. Nairobi: Government of Kenya & Stockholm Environment Institute – Africa Centre. https://mfa.go.ke/storage/2021/11/Sustainable_Blue_Economy_Conf_Book.pdf

Paulli, G. (2022, May 12). 10 years. 100 innovations, 100 million jobs. https://www.gunterpauli.com/the-blue-economy.html

Reinertsen, H, & Asdal, K. (2019). Calculating the blue economy: producing trust in numbers with business tools and reflexive objectivity. Journal of Cultural Economy, 12/6, 552-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2019.1639066

Satizábal, P., Dressler, W. H., Fabinyi, M. et al. (2020). Blue economy discourses and practices: reconfiguring ocean spaces in the Philippines. Maritime Studies 19, 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00168-0

Sejmik Województwa Pomorskiego. (2021). Uchwała nr 376/XXXI/21 Sejmiku Województwa Pomorskiego z dnia 12 kwietnia 2021 roku. Strategia Rozwoju Województwa Pomorskiego 2030.

Senaratne, M., Zimbroff ,A., & Stevens, J.T. (2021). An instrument to assess Blue Economy entrepreneurship ecosystems: a case study from the Seychelles. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 17/2, 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2021.1969516

Shaleh, S. R. M., Fui-Fui, C., & Mustafa, S. (2020). Gender Roles in Inclusive Blue Economy. In W. Leal Filho, A. Azul, L. Brandli, A. Lange Salvia, & T. Wall (Eds.) Gender Equality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_68-1

Smart Specialization Platform. (2022, May 21). Blue Growth. Supporting sustainable growth of the marine and maritime sectors. https://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/blue-growth#fragment-89005-qvik

Smith-Godfrey M. (2021). Performance indicators for the blue economy. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1962052

Sousa, C., Fontes, M., Conceição, O. (2020). Blue Economy as a Policy-Driven Innovation System: Research Funding and the Direction of Ocean-Related Innovation. In D. Rodionov, T. Kudryavtseva, M. A. Berawi, & A. Skhvediani (Eds.) Innovations in Digital Economy(pp. 101-124). SPBPU IDE 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1273. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60080-8_6

Spalding, M. J. (2016). The New Blue Economy: the Future of Sustainability. Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics, 2/2, 8. https://doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052

Sustainable Blue Economy – Questions and answers. (2021). 17 May 2021, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_2346.

Sustainable blue economy. (2021). https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fisheries/ocean/blue-economy/sustainable-blue-economy_en.

UN. (2012). Blue Economy Concept Paper. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2978BEconcept.pdf

UN. (2014). Blue Economy Concept Paper. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/concent/documents/2978BEconcept.pdf

UNCTAD. (2022, May 21). Target 14.7: Sustainable use of marine resources. https://stats.unctad.org/Dgff2016/planet/goal14/target_14_7.html

UNEP. (2013). Blue Economy Concept Paper. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2978BEconcept.pdf

Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Zachodniopomorskiego. (2019). Strategia rozwoju województwa zachodniopomorskiego do roku 2030. Szczecin, 2019.

Vedachalam, N., Ravidran, M., & Atmanand M. A. (2019). Technology developments for the strategic Indian blue economy. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 37/7, 828-844. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2018.1501625

Voyer, M., Quirk, G., McIlgorm, A., & Azmi, K. (2018). Shades of blue: what do competing interpretations of the Blue Economy mean for oceans governance? Journal of Environmental Policy Planning 20(5), 595-616.

Warmińsko-Mazurskie 2030. (2022, May 21). Strategia rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Zarząd Województwa Warmińsko-Mazurskiego. Olsztyn, 2020.

WBG. (2017). The Potential of the Blue Economy. Increasing Long-term Benefits of the Sustainable Use of Marine Resources for Small Island Developing States and Coastal Least Developed Countries. Washington.

WOI. (2020). Accelerating Energy Innovation for the Blue Economy. The Economist Group World Ocean Initiative. https://www.woi.economist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/AcceleratingEnergyInnovationfortheBlueEconomy.pdf

Workshop on blue jobs and cross-cutting skills for young professionals and graduates of the Med Countries. (2022). 14-15 April, Online training, concept note. https://provence-corse-nice-ca.cnccef.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/133/2021/03/Agenda-Training-Blue-Skills.pdf

ZERI. (2022, May 11). http://www.zeri.org/welcome.html

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2022 Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.